PRIVATE LAW PROBLEMS
The relevance of considering this problem lies in the fact that over the past decades, many concepts of interaction between nature and society have appeared, explaining the current environmental crisis and offering ways out of it. The most well-known of them are the concept of sustainable development and the concept of a “green” economy. These doctrinal concepts, discussed all over the world not only by lawyers, but also by representatives of other branches of scientific knowledge (philosophy, economics), have influenced international and national legislation to varying degrees. Unlike the concept of sustainable development, the provisions of which are included in many federal laws, the provisions of the concept of a “green” economy are only fragmentally mentioned in several federal and regional regulations. This creates a problem that requires scientific understanding and regulatory regulation – what should be understood by a “green” economy? What are its elements, criteria and indicators for achieving the goals of the “green” economy? These and many other issues cannot be resolved by making changes to the current legislation. A comprehensive study of the problem of Russia’s transition to a green economy is needed, the study of the possibilities of law to create a complex mechanism for the interaction of economic, organizational, cultural and other aspects of the movement towards a “green” economy, which will allow us to develop a state strategy for such a transition and a plan of legislative work. The proposed Concept will be able to determine the economic and legal aspects of Russia’s transition to a “green” economy, it can be used in the development of draft federal laws.
The international community recognizes that the necessary component of sustainable development in the modern world is the protection of nature as the basis for the well-being of future generations. This position is reflected in UN strategic documents, such as the UN Environmental Neutrality Strategy, which obliges all UN agencies to measure, reduce, and compensate for any greenhouse gas emissions or emissions of other pollutants that cannot be avoided. At the same time, UNEP strives to provide an enabling environment for the development of more environmentally friendly approaches to consumption and lifestyle on the planet. Progress in this context is measured by the number of government agencies and representatives of the private sector who, in practice, use economic and legal measures that facilitate the transition to “green” consumption standards. Therefore, the issue of supporting environmental standards in public procurement is one of the important ways to stimulate supply and demand for environmentally sustainable products. And in this sense, the main, as well as the most important and effective environmental protection way to limit the negative impact on the environment is environmental standardization. Environmental standardization is a special research and regulatory area of activity of authorized state bodies for the establishment of environmental standards, as well as monitoring their compliance. Standardization in the field of environmental protection has its own characteristics, and in modern conditions it is becoming difficult. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a scientific methodology of standardization that takes into account an integrated approach to the problem of environmental protection and the use of natural resources. One of the first and most important methodological issues in this area is the choice of standardization objects. The right choice of objects makes it possible to create a system of state standards for the use of natural resources and to work in this direction in the national economy on a unified methodological basis. This article analyzes topical issues of further improvement of the national standardization system in the field of environmental protection, ways to solve them and problems in this area. Special attention is paid to the procedure for setting environmental standards, as well as the issue of environmental standardization in the activities of government agencies. The author has developed appropriate proposals for improving the environmental standardization system as a whole. Foreign experience on this issue has been studied, proposals and recommendations for its development in the Republic of Uzbekistan have been developed.
The relevance of this study lies in the fact that in the context of the development of the Russian economy, it is necessary to improve the system of limited property rights to land real estate. Today, the system of limited property rights to land real estate includes three types of rights: the right of lifelong inherited possession, the right of permanent (indefinite) use and the right of easement. Limited property rights presuppose the right to own and use land real estate, and in the case of lifelong inherited ownership, the right to limited disposal (by inheritance) of a land plot. The holders of the first two titles have the pre-emptive right to purchase the land they own free of charge. The author suggests the following documentary signs of limited real rights to land real estate: indefinite nature, real-law methods of protection, the property of following, the obligation of state registration. From the point of view of the theory of legal relations, all limited real rights to land have a dual nature: the relationship between the owner (private or pub-personal) and the holder of a limited real right is relative (both sides are known in advance); the relationship of the holders of limited real rights with third parties is absolute. It is proved that the system of property rights today requires reform and expansion.
Bank cards occupy a special place among banking services and are a promising area of activity for banks. Their use acquires enormous practical significance and has special advantages, but the conditions for their use in contracts often do not comply with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Russian banks are increasingly using this payment and lending tool, and the plastic card market is developing at a fairly rapid pace.
The author investigates the problem of intellectual property protection, and especially various inventions, know-how in production, industrial designs and especially the rapid spread of intellectual property objects on the Internet, where their commercial value is reduced or leveled. In this regard, the selected research topic is of particular interest and social significance. The information and telecommunication network Internet provides its users with a lot of freedom, which, unfortunately, gives rise to many offenses. But the progress is going in a positive direction. The latest technologies of the same Industry 4.0 come to the aid of authors, helping them to protect their works.
Public law companies occupy an independent place among legal entities operating in Russia. The state, while granting them public legal powers, simultaneously vests them with property by right of ownership. The ability to form and manage one’s own property creates the prerequisites for the effective implementation of public legal functions.
The article discusses some problems of protecting consumer rights in the field of shared-equity construction. Legal regulation of consumer protection that meets the needs of modern life is the most important condition for participation in shared construction.
The article is devoted to the central category of civil legal relations – subjective law. An analysis of the institution of subjective civil law is impossible without studying the concept itself, regarding which there are different points of view.