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The Phenomen of Law and Legislation: Strategies and Methods of Cognition

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Constitutional Foundations and Modern Challenges of the Judicial System of the Russian Federation: Seeking Balance in the System of Separation of Powers

https://doi.org/10.53315/2949-1193-2026-5-1-13-18

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state and development prospects of the judicial system of the Russian Federation within the context of the fundamental principle of separation of powers. Based on a study of scholarly works by Russian and foreign authors, the article examines the transformation of the constitutional and legal status of the judiciary under the influence of two key factors: the 2020 constitutional reform and the global digitalization of legal proceedings. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical distinction between the concepts of «independence» and «autonomy» of the judiciary, as well as an analysis of the risks of disrupting the system of checks and balances due to the redistribution of powers among the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, and bodies of the judicial community. A significant portion of the work is dedicated to the challenges of the digital era. The article analyzes conflicting views on the implementation of «e-justice» and artificial intelligence: ranging from the recognition of their role in enhancing the accessibility and transparency of judicial processes to concerns regarding the «digital divide,» the dehumanization of justice, and the threat of substituting judicial discretion with algorithms. The article concludes that the modern judicial system is at a critical juncture (bifurcation point). To preserve its constitutional essence, a balance must be struck between the efficiency provided by new technologies and the strengthening of the vertical of power, and the preservation of guarantees for judicial independence and citizens’ rights.

About the Authors

K. Yu. Buluktaeva
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov”
Russian Federation

Buluktaeva K.Yu., Associate Professor of the Criminal Law and Procedure Department

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A. A. Ambuev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov”
Russian Federation

Ambuev A.A., Master’s student areas 40.04.01 Jurisprudence

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E. Kh. Berikova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov”
Russian Federation

Berikova E.Kh., Master’s student areas 40.04.01 Jurisprudence

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D. V. Firsov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov”
Russian Federation

Firsov D.V., Master’s student areas 40.04.01 Jurisprudence

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References

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For citations:


Buluktaeva K.Yu., Ambuev A.A., Berikova E.Kh., Firsov D.V. Constitutional Foundations and Modern Challenges of the Judicial System of the Russian Federation: Seeking Balance in the System of Separation of Powers. The Phenomen of Law and Legislation: Strategies and Methods of Cognition. 2026;5(1):13-18. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.53315/2949-1193-2026-5-1-13-18

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ISSN 2949-1193 (Online)